Austempering heat treatment is a proven way of obtaining the desired microstructure for improved mechanical properties such as increased strength, toughness, wear resistance, hardness and fatigue strength in ductile iron components. It is an isothermal heat treatment process which depending on the applied austempering conditions, attractive combination of mechanical properties of the austempered ductile iron (ADI) may be produced. This renders the austempered ductile iron useful in a relatively large number of applications as an economical substitute for high strength steels, Blackmore 1984. The important microstructural features of austempered ductile iron (ADI) are the morphology......

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The growing judicialization of environmental conflicts has placed international human rights protection systems in a central position for the defense of ecosystems and the communities that depend on them. The so-called Nazas River case, currently under review by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), represents a potentially historic precedent for Latin America due to the possibility of recognizing a river as a subject of rights within.....

Keywords: rights of nature, IACHR, Nazas River, international environmental law, human right to water, environmental constitutionalism

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