Glacial lake expansion is one of the most notable responses to glacier retreat in high-mountain environments. This study analyzes changes in the size and number of proglacial and supraglacial lakes in the Arun and Tamor sub-basins of the Upper Kosi Basin from 2010 to 2025. Landsat (5 & 8-9) imagery over different time periods and GIS were used to delineate the boundaries of the glacial lakes and estimate lake volume using area–volume scaling relationships. The results show a clear rise in both the number and size of glacial lakes......

Keywords: Glacial Lakes, Remote Sensing, GIS, Proglacial Lakes, Supraglacial Lakes, Glacier Retreat.

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